The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is trying to make heads or tails of the recent explosion in decentralized finance.
On Monday, the CFTC’s Technology Advisory Committee hosted a presentation called “The Growth and Regulatory Challenges of Decentralized Finance” by law professor Aaron Wright and attorney Gary DeWaal.
In large part, the presentation was a briefing on the operations of decentralized platforms like Uni, which have commanded a greater share of crypto trading and headlines since this summer.
Wright summarized the advantages of DeFi as potentially providing services for lower cost to a greater number of people by virtue of automating a number of the processes involved. Also, he noted that software tools can provide greater flexibility overall. “Another interesting benefit of decentralized financial projects is that they’re composable and interactible,” said Wright. “Developers often describe them as financial Lego blocks.”
Regarding regulatory compliance, Wright noted that DeFi developers typically don’t think of legal considerations first: “These contracts are alegal. That doesn’t mean that they are illegal. It means they are designed at a technical level, not necessarily with regulatory compliance in mind.”
There were particular concerns with “DeFi” platforms that are de facto tied to centralized entities — for example the infamous case of Chef Nomi’s control over SushiSwap.
In other potential risks, the presenters cited high technological barriers to entry, which pose a different sort of challenge despite DeFi’s ideal of being more open-access than CeFi.
In terms of tone, today’s presentation seemed fairly open to decentralized protocols that depend on, say, governance tokens that distribute votes on network decisions to a wide range of token holders. But the chronic issue of little or no registration requirements for users does open up the threat of know-your-customer and anti-money laundering violations. But then there’s liability.
DeWaal responded to the overarching question of who authorities can hold liable if a DeFi platform is functioning illegally. There’s been a great deal of speculation that we will see more legal action against software developers in the future. DeWaal noted that that’s a tough legal bar to clear.
“Generally, in the United States, software development is a protected activity under the first amendment,” said DeWaal. “As Aaron has eloquently shown, there’s many, many use cases for DeFi. But the First Amendment is not a universal bar.”
But the attorneys noted that secondary liability could threaten a wide range of people using or contributing to DeFi protocols. Among potential solutions, Wright mentioned discussions of a potential safe harbor within the virtual currencies subcommittee, saying: “A safe harbor could ensure responsible development to protect consumers’ interests without limited innovation.”
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